Visualising 'The Waste Land': Discovering a Praxis of Adaptation

This research examines the issues and visual processes that arise in the production of self-representations derived from literary texts. The construction of a series of photographic and video installations drawing upon T. S Eliot’s poem 'The Waste Land' (1922) allowed for the exploration and analysis of how literature functions as a device to represent autobiographical experience within my media arts practice. The study considered the relevance and usage of the literary source in relation to specific adaptation procedures, in terms of what complexities were encountered and how these were understood. Whilst orthodox film adaptation provided a theoretical framework for initial experimentation, it is argued that my practice is positioned outside this domain, employing alternative methods of visual translation within a fine art context. Having investigated the purpose of my literary interpretations, I conclude that I respond subjectively to the source materials, forming autobiographical associations with particular lines, images, characters, themes or concepts within the text. It was discovered that this fragmentary method of extraction into isolated elements, corresponded with ambiguous visual representation of the self. Placed within the critical context of relevant female practitioners, I was able to detect a number of recurrent, elusive strategies within my own practice that signified a shifting subjectivity. However, it was the identification with Eliot’s subversion of his impersonality theory in later life, which enabled the realisation that literature is used in my work as a means of projection for visualising past trauma and operates as a form of displacement for a confessional practice. The thesis that emerges from my research is that by allowing oneself to respond emotionally and selectively to an existing text through transformative processes of re-enactment, literary adaptation can act as catharsis for the recollection and re-imagining of previously repressed memories

Characterization of Salmonella Type III Secretion Hyper-Activity Which Results in Biofilm-Like Cell Aggregation

We have previously reported the cloning of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SPI-1 secretion system and the use of this clone to functionally complement a ΔSPI-1 strain for type III secretion activity. In the current study, we discovered that S. Typhimurium cultures containing cloned SPI-1 display an adherent biofilm and cell clumps in the media. This phenotype was associated with hyper-expression of SPI-1 type III secretion functions. The biofilm and cell clumps were associated with copious amounts of secreted SPI-1 protein substrates SipA, SipB, SipC, SopB, SopE, and SptP. We used a C-terminally FLAG-tagged SipA protein to further demonstrate SPI-1 substrate association with the cell aggregates using fluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Different S. Typhimurium backgrounds and both flagellated and nonflagellated strains displayed the biofilm phenotype. Mutations in genes essential for known bacterial biofilm pathways (bcsA, csgBA, bapA) did not affect the biofilms formed here indicating that this phenomenon is independent of established biofilm mechanisms. The SPI-1-mediated biofilm was able to massively recruit heterologous non-biofilm forming bacteria into the adherent cell community. The results indicate a bacterial aggregation phenotype mediated by elevated SPI-1 type III secretion activity with applications for engineered biofilm formation, protein purification strategies, and antigen display

Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography

Over the past year colleagues from LCC and UAL's Experimental Pedagogies Research Group (EPRG), Dr Nela Milic (EPRG), Dr Paul Lowe, Dr Mark Ingham (EPRG), along with two UAL PhD alumni, Dr Vasileios Kantas and Dr Sara Andersdotter (EPRG) have editied the Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography. This key volume of research has 27 chapters by leading practitioners in the fields of memory, photography, and autobiography. It includes chapters from Dr Jennifer Good and Sophy Rickett from LCC, with contributions from two LCC doctoral students, Elin Karlsson (EPRG and Mireia Ludevid Llop (EPRG). Other UAL colleagues who successfully submitted chapters were Natalie Payne from LCF and Tim Stephens (EPRG) from the Exchange. Description: Autobiographical memory and photography have been inextricably linked since the first photographs appeared during the 19th century. These links have often been described from each other's discipline in ways that often have led to misunderstandings about the complex relationships between them. The Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography covers many aspects of the multiple relationships between autobiographical memory and photography such as the idea that memory and photography can be seen as forms of mental time travel and the effect photography has on autobiographical memory. Covering key topics such as identity, trauma, and remembrance, this major reference work is ideal for industry professionals, sociologists, psychologists, artists, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, educators, and students

Staging Sermon: performing autobiographical memory through “The Waste Land”

This chapter provides a self-reflexive evaluation of the Sermon photographs from Waste Land (2005-2010), that was produced by the author for her practice-based PhD. T.S. Eliot's poem “The Waste Land” (1922) was used to examine her adaptation methodologies and self-representational strategies. Waterman visually translates her own experience of parental divorce through a close analysis of the text and literary criticism (Brooker and Bentley, Ellman, Miller, Parsons), acknowledging her biographical connections to Eliot's marriage to Vivienne Haigh Wood, to produce cathartic re-enactments, informed by phototherapy (Martin, Spence), memory and trauma studies (Barthes, Freud, Kaplan), feminine metaphors (Gilbert and Gubar, Horner and Zlosnik), and photographic self-portraiture (Chadwick, Lingwood). By interweaving these cross-disciplinary strands and reflecting on the actual process of making each photograph through a unique auto-criticism, Waterman demonstrates how her autobiographical literary interpretations offer a means of restaging memory through the creation of photographic narratives

Visualising 'The Waste Land' : discovering a praxis of adaptation

This research examines the issues and visual processes that arise in the production of self-representations derived from literary texts. The construction of a series of photographic and video installations drawing upon T. S Eliot’s poem 'The Waste Land' (1922) allowed for the exploration and analysis of how literature functions as a device to represent autobiographical experience within my media arts practice. The study considered the relevance and usage of the literary source in relation to specific adaptation procedures, in terms of what complexities were encountered and how these were understood. Whilst orthodox film adaptation provided a theoretical framework for initial experimentation, it is argued that my practice is positioned outside this domain, employing alternative methods of visual translation within a fine art context. Having investigated the purpose of my literary interpretations, I conclude that I respond subjectively to the source materials, forming autobiographical associations with particular lines, images, characters, themes or concepts within the text. It was discovered that this fragmentary method of extraction into isolated elements, corresponded with ambiguous visual representation of the self. Placed within the critical context of relevant female practitioners, I was able to detect a number of recurrent, elusive strategies within my own practice that signified a shifting subjectivity. However, it was the identification with Eliot’s subversion of his impersonality theory in later life, which enabled the realisation that literature is used in my work as a means of projection for visualising past trauma and operates as a form of displacement for a confessional practice. The thesis that emerges from my research is that by allowing oneself to respond emotionally and selectively to an existing text through transformative processes of re-enactment, literary adaptation can act as catharsis for the recollection and re-imagining of previously repressed memories.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Role of anti-calcium channel and anti-receptor autoantibodies in autonomic dysfunction in Sjogren's syndrome

Auto-antibodies cross-reacting with L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) have been described in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and may mediate the cardiac defects in neonates born to mothers with pSS. L-type VGCCs are also present in autonomically innervated tissues. Therefore, the aim of this project was to investigate a role for anti-VGCC antibodies and antibodies to 1-adrenoceptors or P2X-purinoceptors in the autonomic dysfunction that occurs in pSS. Contraction of the sympathetically innervated vas deferens in response to stimulation of the muscle by an 1-adrenoceptor agonist (phenylephrine) or a P2X-purinoceptor agonist (,β-methylene ATP) was measured in the absence and presence of 2% serum. Contractions produced by phenylephrine and by ,β-methylene ATP were abolished by nicardipine, demonstrating that they are coupled to calcium influx through L-type VGCCs. Serum from patients with pSS or from healthy controls did not significantly alter the L-type channel-dependent responses of smooth muscle to agonist stimulation. We therefore conclude that pSS serum does not contain autoantibodies that functionally inhibit L-type VGCCs, 1-adrenoceptors or P2X-purinoceptors in smooth muscle and that such autoantibodies cannot explain the autonomic dysfunction in pSS.Maria Ohlsson, Tom P. Gordon and Sally A. Waterma

Role of N-, P- and Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels in transmitter release from sympathetic neurones in the mouse isolated vas deferens

1. N-type voltage-gated calcium channels are known to play an important role in transmitter release from autonomic neurones, and recent studies have demonstrated that non-N-type calcium channels are also involved. The calcium channels coupled to transmitter release from sympathetic neurones in the mouse isolated vas deferens were investigated in the present study. 2. Contractions of the mouse vas deferens were evoked by electrical stimulation at 1–50 Hz. The contractions were entirely nerve-mediated, since they were abolished by tetrodotoxin, and were used as an indirect measure of transmitter release. 3. The N-type calcium channel blocker, ω-conotoxin GVIA, inhibited contractions in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximal effect at 30 nM. Contractions evoked by stimulation frequencies less than 10 Hz were abolished, and those evoked by 20 and by 50 Hz stimulation were decreased in amplitude by 51.3±13.9% and 9.3±2.6%, respectively. 4. The N-, P- and Q-type channel blocker, ω-conotoxin MVIIC, inhibited contractions in a concentration-dependent manner and caused greater maximum inhibition than ω-conotoxin GVIA, suggesting an action on P- and/or Q-type channels, in addition to N-type. 5. The P-type channel blocker, ω-agatoxin IVA, alone did not have a significant effect at concentrations up to 300 nM, but inhibited contractions in the presence of ω-conotoxin GVIA. Subsequent addition of ω-conotoxin MVIIC abolished the remaining contractions. Identical results were obtained when the three toxins were tested cumulatively on the purinergic and noradrenergic components of the contraction in the presence of 0.3 μM prazosin and following desensitization to 10 μM α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP), respectively. 6. The results suggest that N-, P- and Q-type channels are involved in the release of noradrenaline and ATP from sympathetic neurones in the mouse vas deferens

Disruption of intestinal motility by a calcium channel-stimulating autoantibody in type 1 diabetes

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